基因表达数据集通常具有高维度，因此需要有效且有效的方法来识别其属性的相对重要性。由于可能的解决方案的搜索空间的大小，属性子集评估特征选择方法往往不适用，因此在这些方案中使用特征对方法。文献中描述的大多数特征排名方法是单变量的方法，因此它们不会检测因子之间的相互作用。在本文中，我们提出了基于成对相关性和成对一致性的两种新的多变量特征排名方法，我们应用于三种基因表达分类问题。我们在统计上证明所提出的方法优于现有技术的状态，特征对方法进行分类方法聚类变化，CHI平方，相关性，信息增益，相关性和意义，以及基于与多目标的相关性和一致性的属性子集评估的特征选择方法进化搜索策略。

大多数低编码平台的用户，例如Excel和PowerApps，都以特定于域的公式语言编写程序来执行非平凡的任务。用户通常可以编写他们想要的大部分程序，但是引入了一些小错误，这些错误会产生破损的公式。这些错误既可以是句法和语义，也很难让低代码用户识别和修复，即使只能通过一些编辑解决。我们正式化了产生最后一英里维修问题等编辑的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了Lamirage，这是一种最后一英里的维修发动机发电机，结合了符号和神经技术，以低代码公式语言进行最后一英里维修。 Lamirage采用语法和一组特定领域的约束/规则，它们共同近似目标语言，并使用它们来生成可以用该语言修复公式的维修引擎。为了应对本地化错误和对候选维修进行排名的挑战，Lamirage利用神经技术，而它依赖于符号方法来生成候选维修。这种组合使Lamirage可以找到满足提供的语法和约束的维修，然后选择最自然的修复。我们将Lamirage与400个Real Excel和PowerFX公式的最新神经和符号方法进行了比较，其中Lamirage的表现优于所有基线。我们释放这些基准，以鼓励在低代码域中进行后续工作。

预训练的语言模型的目的是学习文本数据的上下文表示。预训练的语言模型已成为自然语言处理和代码建模的主流。使用探针，一种研究隐藏矢量空间的语言特性的技术，以前的作品表明，这些预训练的语言模型在其隐藏表示中编码简单的语言特性。但是，以前的工作都没有评估这些模型是否编码编程语言的整个语法结构。在本文中，我们证明了\ textit {句法子空间}的存在，该{语法子空间}位于预训练的语言模型的隐藏表示中，其中包含编程语言的句法信息。我们表明，可以从模型的表示形式中提取此子空间，并定义一种新颖的探测方法AST-Probe，该方法可以恢复输入代码段的整个抽象语法树（AST）。在我们的实验中，我们表明这种句法子空间存在于五个最先进的预训练的语言模型中。此外，我们强调说，模型的中间层是编码大多数AST信息的模型。最后，我们估计该句法子空间的最佳大小，并表明其尺寸大大低于模型的表示空间。这表明，预训练的语言模型使用其表示空间的一小部分来编码编程语言的句法信息。

近年来经历的计算设备部署爆炸，由诸如互联网（物联网）和5G的技术（IOT）和5G等技术的激励，导致了全局情景，随着网络安全的风险和威胁的增加。其中，设备欺骗和模糊的网络攻击因其影响而脱颖而出，并且通常需要推出的低复杂性。为了解决这个问题，已经出现了几种解决方案，以根据行为指纹和机器/深度学习（ML / DL）技术的组合来识别设备模型和类型。但是，这些解决方案不适合数据隐私和保护的方案，因为它们需要数据集中处理以进行处理。在这种情况下，尚未完全探索较新的方法，例如联合学习（FL），特别是当恶意客户端存在于场景设置时。目前的工作分析并比较了使用基于执行时间的事件的v一体的集中式DL模型的设备模型识别性能。对于实验目的，已经收集并公布了属于四种不同模型的55个覆盆子PI的执行时间特征的数据集。使用此数据集，所提出的解决方案在两个设置，集中式和联合中实现了0.9999的精度，在保留数据隐私时显示没有性能下降。后来，使用几种聚集机制作为对策，评估标签翻转攻击在联邦模型训练期间的影响。 ZENO和协调明智的中值聚合表现出最佳性能，尽管当他们的性能大大降低时，当完全恶意客户（所有培训样本中毒）增长超过50％时大大降临。

In the last years, the number of IoT devices deployed has suffered an undoubted explosion, reaching the scale of billions. However, some new cybersecurity issues have appeared together with this development. Some of these issues are the deployment of unauthorized devices, malicious code modification, malware deployment, or vulnerability exploitation. This fact has motivated the requirement for new device identification mechanisms based on behavior monitoring. Besides, these solutions have recently leveraged Machine and Deep Learning techniques due to the advances in this field and the increase in processing capabilities. In contrast, attackers do not stay stalled and have developed adversarial attacks focused on context modification and ML/DL evaluation evasion applied to IoT device identification solutions. This work explores the performance of hardware behavior-based individual device identification, how it is affected by possible context- and ML/DL-focused attacks, and how its resilience can be improved using defense techniques. In this sense, it proposes an LSTM-CNN architecture based on hardware performance behavior for individual device identification. Then, previous techniques have been compared with the proposed architecture using a hardware performance dataset collected from 45 Raspberry Pi devices running identical software. The LSTM-CNN improves previous solutions achieving a +0.96 average F1-Score and 0.8 minimum TPR for all devices. Afterward, context- and ML/DL-focused adversarial attacks were applied against the previous model to test its robustness. A temperature-based context attack was not able to disrupt the identification. However, some ML/DL state-of-the-art evasion attacks were successful. Finally, adversarial training and model distillation defense techniques are selected to improve the model resilience to evasion attacks, without degrading its performance.

Cybercriminals are moving towards zero-day attacks affecting resource-constrained devices such as single-board computers (SBC). Assuming that perfect security is unrealistic, Moving Target Defense (MTD) is a promising approach to mitigate attacks by dynamically altering target attack surfaces. Still, selecting suitable MTD techniques for zero-day attacks is an open challenge. Reinforcement Learning (RL) could be an effective approach to optimize the MTD selection through trial and error, but the literature fails when i) evaluating the performance of RL and MTD solutions in real-world scenarios, ii) studying whether behavioral fingerprinting is suitable for representing SBC's states, and iii) calculating the consumption of resources in SBC. To improve these limitations, the work at hand proposes an online RL-based framework to learn the correct MTD mechanisms mitigating heterogeneous zero-day attacks in SBC. The framework considers behavioral fingerprinting to represent SBCs' states and RL to learn MTD techniques that mitigate each malicious state. It has been deployed on a real IoT crowdsensing scenario with a Raspberry Pi acting as a spectrum sensor. More in detail, the Raspberry Pi has been infected with different samples of command and control malware, rootkits, and ransomware to later select between four existing MTD techniques. A set of experiments demonstrated the suitability of the framework to learn proper MTD techniques mitigating all attacks (except a harmfulness rootkit) while consuming <1 MB of storage and utilizing <55% CPU and <80% RAM.

In this work a novel recommender system (RS) for Tourism is presented. The RS is context aware as is now the rule in the state-of-the-art for recommender systems and works on top of a tourism ontology which is used to group the different items being offered. The presented RS mixes different types of recommenders creating an ensemble which changes on the basis of the RS's maturity. Starting from simple content-based recommendations and iteratively adding popularity, demographic and collaborative filtering methods as rating density and user cardinality increases. The result is a RS that mutates during its lifetime and uses a tourism ontology and natural language processing (NLP) to correctly bin the items to specific item categories and meta categories in the ontology. This item classification facilitates the association between user preferences and items, as well as allowing to better classify and group the items being offered, which in turn is particularly useful for context-aware filtering.

Detecting anomalous data within time series is a very relevant task in pattern recognition and machine learning, with many possible applications that range from disease prevention in medicine, e.g., detecting early alterations of the health status before it can clearly be defined as "illness" up to monitoring industrial plants. Regarding this latter application, detecting anomalies in an industrial plant's status firstly prevents serious damages that would require a long interruption of the production process. Secondly, it permits optimal scheduling of maintenance interventions by limiting them to urgent situations. At the same time, they typically follow a fixed prudential schedule according to which components are substituted well before the end of their expected lifetime. This paper describes a case study regarding the monitoring of the status of Laser-guided Vehicles (LGVs) batteries, on which we worked as our contribution to project SUPER (Supercomputing Unified Platform, Emilia Romagna) aimed at establishing and demonstrating a regional High-Performance Computing platform that is going to represent the main Italian supercomputing environment for both computing power and data volume.

Neural style transfer is a deep learning technique that produces an unprecedentedly rich style transfer from a style image to a content image and is particularly impressive when it comes to transferring style from a painting to an image. It was originally achieved by solving an optimization problem to match the global style statistics of the style image while preserving the local geometric features of the content image. The two main drawbacks of this original approach is that it is computationally expensive and that the resolution of the output images is limited by high GPU memory requirements. Many solutions have been proposed to both accelerate neural style transfer and increase its resolution, but they all compromise the quality of the produced images. Indeed, transferring the style of a painting is a complex task involving features at different scales, from the color palette and compositional style to the fine brushstrokes and texture of the canvas. This paper provides a solution to solve the original global optimization for ultra-high resolution images, enabling multiscale style transfer at unprecedented image sizes. This is achieved by spatially localizing the computation of each forward and backward passes through the VGG network. Extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that our method produces a style transfer of unmatched quality for such high resolution painting styles.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of deep learning bears promise for drug discovery and chemical biology, $\textit{e.g.}$, to predict protein structure and molecular bioactivity, plan organic synthesis, and design molecules $\textit{de novo}$. While most of the deep learning efforts in drug discovery have focused on ligand-based approaches, structure-based drug discovery has the potential to tackle unsolved challenges, such as affinity prediction for unexplored protein targets, binding-mechanism elucidation, and the rationalization of related chemical kinetic properties. Advances in deep learning methodologies and the availability of accurate predictions for protein tertiary structure advocate for a $\textit{renaissance}$ in structure-based approaches for drug discovery guided by AI. This review summarizes the most prominent algorithmic concepts in structure-based deep learning for drug discovery, and forecasts opportunities, applications, and challenges ahead.